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Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that also participates in apoptotic pathways which are initiated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Fas ligand, and gamma interferon. This protein potentially binds ATP/GTP and might be a functional partner of the mitoribosomal protein S27. Splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene; both variants encode the same protein. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q and 2q. DAP3 gene might be associated with the mechanisms responsible for adult bronchial asthma and contribute to airway inflammation and remodeling. DAP3 has a role in anoikis signaling and in apoptosis induction caused by cell detachment. DAP3 has a role in the molecular pathway that culminates in fragmented mitochondria. Functional interaction between the pro-apoptotic DAP3 and the glucocorticoid receptor. High DAP3 expression is correlated with thymoma stage. Not involved in TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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